Mohanganj upazila on the north, Itna and Tarail upazilas on the south, Khaliajuri upazila on the east, Kendua upazila on the west.

Madan thana was established in 1917 and was turned into an upazila in 1983. The upazila consists of 8 union parishads, 95 mouzas and 120 villages.

Madan Upazila is located in Netrokona District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Netrokona are Atpara Upazila, Barhatta Upazila, Durgapur Upazila, Kalmakanda Upazila, Kendua Upazila, Khaliajuri Upazila, Madan Upazila, Mohanganj Upazila, Netrokona Sadar Upazila, Purbadhala Upazila.